What happens in an insect sting allergy reaction?
There are three major categories of insect sting allergy reactions.
- Large local reactions are severe swelling at the site of the sting. The swelling can affect an entire arm or leg. These reactions can be very uncomfortable but are not life-threatening unless the sting occurs on the neck or in the throat.
- Urticaria (or hives) can occur all over the body. Adults who get hives but no other symptoms may have a more severe reaction if stung again. However, the risk in children under age 16 years is lower – about 5-10%.
- Anaphylaxis is the most severe reaction, can be life-threatening and requires immediate attention. If a person has anaphylaxis, they can get hives, swelling of the mouth and/or throat, trouble breathing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and/or drop in blood pressure.
Call 911 if you have been stung by an insect and are having problems with your breathing or blood pressure. These reactions can be life-threatening.
What are common stinging insects?
Insect sting allergies are most often caused by five kinds of insects.
- Yellow jackets: These are black with yellow markings. Their nests are found in the ground, walls of buildings or wood piles.
- Honeybees: These have a round, fuzzy body with dark brown and yellow markings. This bee usually leaves its stinger in its victim. Their honeycombs are in tree hollows, old tires or other places.
- Paper wasps: These are slender with black, brown, red and yellow markings. They live under eaves, behind shutters, in shrubs or woodpiles.
- Hornets: These are black or brown with white, orange or yellow markings. Their nests are grey or brown and usually found in trees or shrubs.
- Fire ants: These are reddish-brown ants found mostly in warmer climates.
How do you prevent being stung?
- Avoid the “territory” of the stinging insect’s nest. These insects are more likely to sting if their homes are disturbed.
- Hire a trained exterminator if you see any nests near your home.
- Remain calm and quiet and slowly move away from stinging insects.
- Avoid bright color clothing and perfume when outdoors.
- Be careful when cooking, eating or drinking sweet beverages outdoors
- Wear closed-toe shoes and avoid going barefoot outdoors.
- Avoid loose-fitting garments that can trap insects between clothes and skin.
When to see an allergist
If you have had an insect sting allergic reaction, you should see an allergist. You can find out exactly which insects you need to avoid and what to do if you accidentally get stung. You may even be able to cure your insect sting allergy with immunotherapy, otherwise known as allergy shots.
