Dr. Songhui Ma of Empire Allergy in New York City specializes in food allergies and allergic reactions caused by food allergies. Food allergy affects twelve million Americans and reactions can be life-threatening. In people who have food allergies, the immune system over-reacts when it comes into contact with certain foods. Even very small amounts of these foods may be enough to trigger a reaction.
What foods usually cause allergies?
The vast majority of food allergies are caused by eight kinds of foods:
- Cow’s milk
- Peanut
- Egg
- Tree nuts
- Soy
- Fish
- Wheat
- Shellfish
But, it is possible to have an allergic reaction to any food. How do you know if you have a food allergy? Food allergy reactions usually occur immediately, within minutes. Reactions can also be exacerbated by drinking alcohol, certain medications and exercise.
The most common reactions include some or all of the following:
- Hives or itchy rash
- Swelling around the eyes or mouth
- Throat swelling or tightness
- Cough, wheeze or difficulty breathing
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness, fainting or low blood pressure
Call 911 if you are having a food allergy reaction which is causing problems with your breathing or blood pressure. These reactions can be life-threatening.
What do you do if you have a food allergy?
- The most important thing to do is completely avoid the food. For certain food allergies, especially nut and seafood allergies, you may also need to avoid similar foods.
- Ask about ingredients when eating at restaurants or foods prepared by family or friends. Let them know that you have a food allergy.
- Read ingredient labels carefully. Sometimes foods are described in technical rather than lay terms. For example, “casein” instead of milk.
- In case you eat something by accident, you should get training in how to deal with allergic reactions. Family members and close friends should also get trained.
- Some people, especially children, will grow out of their allergies. This is something that can be discussed with an allergy specialist.
When to see an allergist
If you have food allergies or think you may have food allergies, you should see an allergist. You can find out exactly what foods you need to avoid, how to best avoid them and what to do if you accidentally eat something to which you are allergic. You can also find out if you are likely to outgrow your food allergy. Food allergies can be confusing and isolating. Your allergist will help you minimize the impact food allergies have on your life.
